Pseudo-Otoritas dalam Ruang Kebijakan. Studi Kasus Intervensi Ormas terhadap Sektor Usaha di Kota Makassar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62383/studi.v2i2.601Keywords:
Community Organization, Policy Space, Power Relations, Quasi-Authority, Social LegitimacyAbstract
This research focuses on the involvement of community organizations (CSOs) in business activities in Makassar City, emphasizing the dynamics of power relations that develop outside the formal framework of the state. In daily practice, CSOs frequently conduct inspections, symbolic enforcement, and even intimidation against business actors despite lacking official government mandates, resulting in a shift in oversight functions to the informal realm. The aim of this research is to understand how CSOs can gain social legitimacy and exercise pseudo-authoritative authority in the public sphere. To address this, the research methods used include in-depth interviews with 18 informants and analysis of 21 relevant documents. The analysis shows that CSOs' authority is formed through informal socio-political networks that rely on three main factors: community support, closeness to security forces, and local media coverage that strengthens their symbolic legitimacy. This then results in pseudo-authority, a form of de facto authority that is accepted in certain social contexts even though it is not legally recognized. Further findings indicate resistance from business actors and community leaders who question the legality and economic impact of mass organization interventions, which are considered to have the potential to hamper the business climate and create uncertainty. However, the weak response from local governments actually emphasizes the gap in formal oversight mechanisms, opening up space for mass organizations to fill this role. This condition indicates that the authorizing environment is not institutional as it should be, but rather social, contested, and dependent on the dynamics of power relations at the local level. Thus, this study provides a picture of how the pseudo-authority practices of mass organizations are formed, accepted, and questioned in the context of urban social and economic governance.
Downloads
References
Afiff, F. (2012). Globalisasi dan Indonesia. Rangkaian Kolom Kluster I BINUS, I.
Argenti, G. (2018). Civil society, shadow state dan local strongmen dalam kajian politik lokal. CosmoGov, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.24198/cosmogov.v4i1.14737
Berenschot, W., & Aspinall, E. (2020). How clientelism varies: Comparing patronage democracies. Democratization, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1645129
Cao, X., & Chang, Y. C. (2023). Developing the legal basis for non-state actors in China's ocean governance. Marine Policy, 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105727
Cruz, M. T., & Miranda, M. (2022). Storytelling as media literacy and intercultural dialogue in post‐colonial societies. Media and Communication, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i4.5814
Elias Olajide, O., Adedolapo Ola, A., & Adeoluwa Adewumi, S. (2022). The impact of non-state actors on world politics: A challenge to nation-states. Journal of African Foreign Affairs, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.31920/2056-5658/2022/v9n1a7
Fogarty, J., van Bueren, M., & Iftekhar, M. S. (2021). Making waves: Creating water sensitive cities in Australia. Water Research, 202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117456
Haugstvedt, H. (2023). A flying reign of terror? The who, where, when, what, and how of non-state actors and armed drones. Journal of Human Security, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.12924/johs2023.19010001
Islam, M. M., Jannat, A., & Dhar, A. R. (2018). Dataset on the impact of GO-NGO support on crop intensification and food security in Bangladesh. Data in Brief, 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.03.020
Lang, L. D., Tiwari, A. K., Hieu, H. N., Ha, N. M., & Gaur, J. (2023). The role of structural social capital in driving social-oriented sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship. Energy Economics, 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106855
Lekisima, J., Ogolla, D., & Nzili, M. B. (2022). Effect of organizational communication on strategy implementation among energy generating firms in Kenya. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 4(1).
Lies Kumara Dewi, Henni Kusumastuti, & Waskita, B. (2024). Pembinaan dan pengawasan organisasi kemasyarakatan oleh Badan Kesbangpol di Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal STIA Bengkulu: Committe to Administration for Education Quality, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.56135/jsb.v10i1.159
MacKinnon, D., Karlsen, A., Dawley, S., Steen, M., Afewerki, S., & Kenzhegaliyeva, A. (2022). Legitimation, institutions and regional path creation: A cross-national study of offshore wind. Regional Studies, 56(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2020.1861239
Margi, I. K. (2020). Budaya politik penguasa dalam menangani premanisme. Edusocius: Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Pendidikan dan Sosiologi, 2(2).
Martins, C. E. (2019). Samir Amin and the challenges of socialist transformation in senile capitalism. Globalizations, 16(7). https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2019.1651523
Noor Ihsan, H. (2022). Pengaruh pelaksanaan kebijakan pembinaan ormas terhadap manajemen pembinaan ormas untuk mewujudkan efektivitas pencapaian program pembinaan ormas di Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Kabupaten Garut. Jurnal Publik, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.52434/jp.v16i01.103
Nyseth Brehm, H., Robinson, A. L., & Saraswati, M. (2023). Triggers of escalations in violence against civilians by non-state actors in Africa. Terrorism and Political Violence, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2021.1967935
Ojasalo, J., & Kauppinen, S. (2024). Public value in public service ecosystems. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 36(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2022.2133063
Post, A. E., & Kuipers, N. (2023). City size and public service access: Evidence from Brazil and Indonesia. Perspectives on Politics, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592722003176
Pramono, G. E. (2015). Transformasi organisasi kemasyarakatan (Ormas) menjadi kelompok kekerasan (Studi kekerasan Ormas di Jakarta). Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.31599/jkn.v1i2.25
Querton, C. (2022). Non-state actors of protection and the sliding scale of protection for refugee women. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 41(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdac020
Sagas, M., & Cunningham, G. B. (2005). Racial differences in the career success of assistant football coaches: The role of discrimination, human capital, and social capital. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02146.x
Saragih, D. E., Nulhaqim, S. A., & Fedryansyah, M. (2022). Analisis segitiga SPK pada kekerasan langsung antar organisasi kemasyarakatan (Ormas) Forum Betawi Rempug (FBR) dan Pemuda Pancasila (PP). Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v4i2.40000
Suminar, P., & Gushevinalti. (2020). The dark side of decentralization: The emergence of the shadow state in Indonesia. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8469
Ullah, A. N. Z., Newell, J. N., Ahmed, J. U., Hyder, M. K. A., & Islam, A. (2006). Government-NGO collaboration: The case of tuberculosis control in Bangladesh. Health Policy and Planning, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czj014
Viola, L. A. (2023). Two-sided legitimation strategies: Informal groups at the World Trade Organization. International Affairs, 99(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiad113
Walton, E., & Engelbrecht, P. (2024). Inclusive education in South Africa: Path dependencies and emergences. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 28(10). https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2022.2061608
Webber, D. (2006). A consolidated patrimonial democracy? Democratization in post-Suharto Indonesia. Democratization, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340600579284
