Urgensi Pembentukan Tindak Pidana Khusus Cyberbullying dalam Perspektif Kebebasan Berekspresi di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62383/perspektif.v3i1.910Keywords:
Criminal Law, Cyberbullying, Freedom of Expression, Human Rights, Special CrimesAbstract
The rapid expansion of digital media use has intensified the practice of cyberbullying as a form of non-physical violence that seriously affects victims’ mental health, dignity, and human rights. In Indonesia, cyberbullying is not specifically regulated and still relies on general provisions in the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions (EIT Law), which often lead to multiple interpretations, overcriminalization, and potential restrictions on freedom of expression. This article aims to analyze the urgency of establishing a specific criminal offense for cyberbullying within the framework of human rights protection and the principle of proportionality in limiting freedom of expression in the digital sphere. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to regulations in several countries. The findings indicate that the absence of specific norms on cyberbullying creates legal uncertainty and weakens victim protection while also opening opportunities for the misuse of legal provisions against legitimate expression. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate clear, proportional, and victim-oriented criminal regulations, supported by fair and transparent law enforcement mechanisms that are consistent with human rights principles in the digital era.
Downloads
References
Adnan, A. J., Putriyani, D., Wibowo, H. A., & Ramadan, S. (2023). Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak sebagai korban tindak pidana cyberbullying. Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 5(1), 238–252. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijclc.v5i1.20935
Avianingrum, N. A. (2023). Penanganan cyberbullying terhadap remaja dalam perspektif hukum siber di Indonesia: Tinjauan normatif yuridis. Staatsrecht: Jurnal Hukum Kenegaraan dan Politik Islam.
Dewiana, D., Hasbi, Y., & Saputra, F. (2024). Pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus perkara pelaku tindak pidana cyberbullying (Studi Putusan Nomor 46/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Lhokseumawe). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.29103/jimfh.v7i2.16099
Herman, A. S. T. (2024). Cyberbullying sebagai tindak pidana: Kajian hukum pidana di era digital. Referendum: Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.62383/referendum.v2i2.912
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2015). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying (2nd ed.). Sage.
Indonesia. (1945). Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Indonesia. (2005). Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengesahan International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Indonesia. (2008). Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Indonesia. (2016). Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Indonesia. (2023). Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana.
Indonesia. (2024). Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Isnawan, F. (2024). Tinjauan hukum pidana tentang fenomena cyberbullying yang dilakukan oleh remaja. Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.4.1.6700.145-163
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. (2021). Modul literasi digital: Etika bermedia digital. Kominfo RI.
Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia. (2022). Laporan tahunan kekerasan terhadap anak di ruang digital. KPAI.
MacKinnon, C. A. (1993). Only words. Harvard University Press.
Moeljatno. (2008). Asas-asas hukum pidana (Edisi revisi). Rineka Cipta.
Muladi. (2002). Hak asasi manusia dan sistem peradilan pidana. Refika Aditama.
Nansi, W. S. (2024). Cyberbullying formulative problems against child protection in Indonesia. Constitutional Law Review, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.30863/clr.v2i2.5593
Nowak, M. (2005). U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR commentary (2nd ed.). N.P. Engel.
Putra, E. N. (2024). Law’s silence on cyberbullying to children in Indonesia. Brawijaya Law Journal, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2024.011.01.07
Sarrianus, W., Samara, F., & Arman, Y. (2025). Perlindungan hukum terhadap korban tindak pidana cyberbullying. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 3(6).
Sekar, M., Saroji, & Farhan, F. (2023). Cyberbullying and legal protection for victims in the digital era: A case study on social media platforms. Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial, 3(1).
Sitihastuti, S., & Solikhah, S. (2025). The urgency of legal protection for victims of cyberbullying in Indonesia. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v15i1.12025
Sudarto. (1986). Hukum dan hukum pidana. Alumni.
Takdir, M., & Fitriasih, S. (2025). Indonesia’s criminal law policy in tackling cyberbullying with a restorative justice approach. LEGAL BRIEF, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.35335/legal.v11i6.733
UNICEF. (2020). Cyberbullying: What it is and how to stop it. UNICEF.
Van Bemmelen, J. M. (1987). Hukum pidana I. Binacipta.
Yulia, R. (2015). Victimologi: Perlindungan hukum terhadap korban kejahatan. Graha Ilmu.
Zittrain, J. (2008). The future of the internet and how to stop it. Yale University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Perspektif Administrasi Publik dan hukum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
