Perlindungan Hukum Data Pribadi di Era Kecerdasan Buatan: Tantangan dan Prospek Regulasi di Indonesia

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed various sectors by enabling extensive collection, processing, and utilization of personal data. While AI offers substantial benefits in improving efficiency, innovation, and public services, it also presents serious legal challenges related to privacy protection, data security, algorithmic transparency, and accountability. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of personal data in the era of artificial intelligence and examine the challenges and regulatory prospects in Indonesia. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Data were collected through a literature review of laws, regulations, academic journals, books, and other relevant legal documents concerning personal data protection and artificial intelligence. The findings indicate that although Indonesia has enacted Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, several legal gaps remain regarding the governance of AI-driven data processing, automated decision-making, and oversight mechanisms. Comparative analysis with international regulatory developments also demonstrates the need for more comprehensive legal frameworks. This study concludes that strengthening legal policies, harmonizing sectoral regulations, and developing AI-specific governance principles are essential to ensure effective personal data protection while supporting responsible technological innovation in Indonesia.